How does the color of pine darken over time in animal sculptures?

Pine wood, a popular material for animal sculptures, undergoes a natural darkening process over time due to several factors. Exposure to sunlight (UV rays) accelerates oxidation, causing the wood's lignin to break down and deepen in color. Humidity and environmental conditions also play a role, as moisture interacts with tannins in the wood, creating richer tones. Additionally, handling and natural oils from human touch can contribute to a gradual patina. To preserve the original hue, artists often apply sealants or UV-resistant finishes, while others embrace the aging process for a rustic aesthetic. Understanding these mechanisms helps sculptors and collectors manage or enhance the evolving beauty of pine wood carvings.