How do artists create textured surfaces on wrought iron animal sculptures to mimic fur or scales?

Artists use various metalworking techniques to create lifelike textures on wrought iron animal sculptures, mimicking fur or scales. Hammering is a common method, where controlled strikes with specialized tools form raised or indented patterns resembling fur strands or overlapping scales. Etching with acids or abrasives can add fine details like hairline grooves or scaly textures. Some artisans apply patinas or chemical treatments to enhance depth and realism, while others use welding to layer thin metal pieces for a 3D effect. Chasing and repoussé—pushing metal from the back—allow for delicate feathering or scale textures. Combining these methods, artists achieve stunningly realistic surfaces that bring iron animals to life.