What surface energy characteristics prevent liquid absorption?

Surface energy plays a critical role in determining whether a material absorbs or repels liquids. High surface energy materials, like metals or glass, tend to attract liquids, causing them to spread and absorb. In contrast, low surface energy surfaces, such as those with hydrophobic or oleophobic coatings, resist liquid absorption.

Key characteristics that prevent liquid absorption include:

1. Low Surface Energy: Materials like Teflon or silicone have low surface energy, making them non-wettable.

2. Hydrophobicity: Water-repellent surfaces often feature micro- or nanostructures that trap air, creating a high contact angle (>90°).

3. Chemical Composition: Fluorinated or silane-based coatings reduce surface energy, enhancing liquid resistance.

4. Surface Roughness: Textured surfaces can amplify repellency by minimizing liquid-solid contact.

Understanding these properties is vital for designing non-absorbent materials used in waterproofing, medical devices, and industrial coatings.