How does the carbonation process affect the strength of concrete over time?
The carbonation process in concrete occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere penetrates the material and reacts with calcium hydroxide, forming calcium carbonate. Over time, this chemical reaction reduces the alkalinity of concrete, which can weaken its protective layer against corrosion in reinforced structures. While carbonation may initially increase surface hardness due to densification, prolonged exposure leads to decreased durability and structural integrity. The rate of carbonation depends on factors like humidity, CO2 concentration, and concrete porosity. Proper mix design and protective coatings can mitigate these effects, ensuring long-term strength and performance. Understanding this process is crucial for sustainable construction and maintenance planning.
