What are the differences in biodegradation timelines for fabrics?

The biodegradation timelines for fabrics vary significantly depending on their material composition. Natural fibers like cotton, linen, and wool decompose relatively quickly, often within weeks to a few years, as microorganisms can easily break them down. Cotton, for example, may degrade in 1–5 months under ideal conditions, while wool can take 1–5 years.

In contrast, synthetic fabrics such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic are petroleum-based and can take decades or even centuries to decompose. Polyester, one of the most common synthetic materials, may persist in landfills for over 200 years, contributing to microplastic pollution.

Semi-synthetic fabrics like rayon and lyocell fall somewhere in between, with biodegradation times ranging from a few months to several years, depending on environmental factors.

Understanding these differences is crucial for making sustainable fashion choices and reducing textile waste. Opting for natural or biodegradable fabrics can significantly lessen environmental impact compared to synthetic alternatives.