What are the effects of prolonged exposure to windy, sandy environments on composites?

Prolonged exposure to windy, sandy environments can significantly impact the performance and longevity of composite materials. The abrasive action of sand particles carried by strong winds leads to surface erosion, causing material thinning and loss of structural integrity. Over time, this erosion can expose underlying layers, making composites more susceptible to further damage from moisture, UV radiation, and chemical agents.

Additionally, repeated sand impact can create micro-cracks and weaken the matrix-fiber interface, reducing the material's load-bearing capacity. In extreme cases, this degradation can result in catastrophic failure, particularly in aerospace or automotive applications where composites are subjected to high stress.

To mitigate these effects, protective coatings, improved material formulations, and regular maintenance are essential. Understanding these challenges helps engineers design more durable composites for harsh environments.