How does the surface roughness of concrete affect comfort without cushions?

The surface roughness of concrete significantly impacts comfort when sitting or lying directly on it without cushions. A rough or uneven texture can cause discomfort by creating pressure points, reducing contact area, and even causing minor abrasions. Smooth concrete surfaces distribute weight more evenly, enhancing comfort. Factors like aggregate size, finishing techniques, and curing processes influence roughness. Understanding these effects is crucial for architects and designers aiming to balance aesthetics with practicality in spaces where cushions aren't used.