What are the effects of prolonged exposure to automotive exhaust on pine?
Prolonged exposure to automotive exhaust has significant negative effects on pine trees. Vehicle emissions contain harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter, which can damage pine needles, reduce photosynthesis, and stunt growth. Over time, pines may exhibit yellowing or browning needles, premature needle drop, and weakened resistance to pests and diseases. Soil contamination from exhaust compounds further disrupts nutrient absorption. In urban areas with heavy traffic, chronic exposure can lead to long-term ecological imbalances, affecting pine populations and forest ecosystems. Mitigation strategies, such as increased green buffers and reduced emissions, are essential to protect these vital trees.
