How to prevent efflorescence on stone outdoor ottoman surfaces?

Efflorescence, the white powdery residue that forms on stone surfaces, is a common issue for outdoor stone ottomans. It occurs when water-soluble salts migrate to the surface and crystallize. To prevent efflorescence, start by choosing high-quality, dense stone materials less prone to water absorption. Apply a penetrating sealer specifically designed for outdoor stone furniture, reapplying every 1-2 years. Ensure proper drainage by elevating the ottoman slightly or using breathable pads. Clean regularly with a pH-neutral stone cleaner and soft brush to remove salt buildup before it crystallizes. For existing efflorescence, use a diluted vinegar solution (1 part vinegar to 10 parts water) or commercial efflorescence remover, then rinse thoroughly. Avoid pressure washers which can drive salts deeper into the stone. In humid climates, cover your ottoman during rainy seasons or use waterproof furniture covers. These preventive measures will maintain your stone ottoman's appearance and extend its lifespan outdoors.