How does the inclusion of titanium dioxide in resin composites improve photocatalytic self-cleaning?

The inclusion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in resin composites significantly improves their photocatalytic self-cleaning properties. TiO2 nanoparticles act as a photocatalyst, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light. These ROS break down organic pollutants, bacteria, and stains on the composite surface, effectively keeping it clean and hygienic.

This mechanism is particularly beneficial in dental applications, where resin composites are widely used for restorations. The self-cleaning effect reduces biofilm formation and discoloration, enhancing both aesthetic longevity and material durability. Additionally, TiO2-modified composites demonstrate improved mechanical strength and resistance to wear.

Research shows that even low concentrations of TiO2 (1-5% by weight) can produce noticeable self-cleaning effects without compromising the composite’s optical or physical properties. This innovation paves the way for smarter, longer-lasting dental materials that require less maintenance.