What are the effects of airborne pollutants on the surface of stone outdoor tree boxes?

Airborne pollutants significantly impact the surface of stone outdoor tree boxes, leading to visible and structural damage over time. Common pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter react with the stone's surface, causing discoloration, etching, and erosion. Acid rain, a byproduct of these pollutants, accelerates chemical weathering, weakening the stone's integrity. Biological growth, such as algae and lichen, may also thrive in polluted environments, further degrading the surface. To mitigate damage, regular cleaning, protective sealants, and choosing pollution-resistant stone types are recommended. Understanding these effects helps preserve the aesthetic and functional longevity of stone tree boxes in urban settings.